深入理解C/C++中的写时拷贝

class String 
{ 
public: 
 String(const char *str = "") 
 :_str(new char[strlen(str) + 1 + 4]) 
 { 
 cout << "Sring()" << endl; 
 _str += 4;    //前4个字节用来存放引用计数 
 GetCount() = 1;   //引用计数的初始值设置成1 
 strcpy(_str, str); 
 } 
 
 String(String& s) 
 :_str(s._str) 
 { 
 cout << "Sring(String&)" << endl; 
 GetCount()++; 
 } 
 
 String& operator=(String& s) 
 { 
 cout << "Sring& operator=" << endl; 
 
 if (this != &s) 
 { 
  Release(); 
  _str = s._str; 
  GetCount()++; 
 } 
 return *this; 
 } 
 
 ~String() 
 { 
 cout << "~Sring()" << endl; 
 Release(); 
 } 
public: 
 char& operator[](size_t index) 
 { 
 if (GetCount() == 1)   //如果计数器为1，则直接返回 
 { 
  return _str[index]; 
 } 
 GetCount()--; 
 char *tmp = _str; 
 _str = new char[strlen(tmp) + 1 + 4]; 
 _str += 4; 
 strcpy(_str, tmp); 
 GetCount() = 1; 
 return _str[index]; 
 } 
private: 
 int& GetCount() 
 { 
 return *(int *)(_str - 4); 
 } 
 void Release() 
 { 
 if (--GetCount() == 0) 
 { 
  cout << "释放" << endl; 
  delete[](_str - 4); //注意释放的时候还有 存放引用计数的4个字节 
  _str = NULL; 
 } 
 } 
private: 
 char *_str; 
};